Php file downloading instead of executing nginx

The -dP flag makes sure that the container runs in the background, and that the ports on which it listens are made available. In order for us to test this container, we need to create a sample PHP file. Using exec with the -it switch creates an interactive session for you to execute commands directly within the container. We have a working container and we want to turn it into an image and push it to Docker Hub so community users can access it.

Manually creating a new image from an existing container gives you a lot of control, but it does have one downside. For example, suppose I wanted a container that always takes the latest version of a Linux operating system such as the Ubuntu operating system and builds on that. Instead, we can use a method called the Dockerfile, which enables us to specify a particular version of a base image, or specify that we want to always use the latest version. To do that, we basically want to perform three steps:.

At this point you should have a copy of vhost. You now have a local copy of the vhost. Next, we want to go ahead and create the Dockerfile. You can do this in any text editor. After adding the script to the image, we need to install the Flask Python package, the library we use for the web server.

The RUN instruction executes pip install for this. Dockerfiles can run commands as part of the image build process. And finally, the Dockerfile specifies the command to run when the image is run. CMD accepts a command and a list of arguments to pass to the command.

This image executes the Python interpreter, passing it app. We see our new web page. The first step is to create an account on Docker Cloud.

Before uploading mypyweb to Docker Hub, you should tag it. Tags and repository names are effectively freeform. Note that our image tag and mypyweb have the same image ID and size.

Now, if we visit our account area on hub. This is because the image on Docker Hub only contains the changes from the Python We can pull the Docker image down and run it from any system :. This is the output of run on a different system from the one originally built. Similar to the way we ran hello-world, we passed the image tag to docker run.

And since the image was not available locally, Docker pulled it from Docker Hub and Python Docker is a powerful platform for building, managing and running containerized applications. PHP has several levels of error severity. The three most common types of messages are errors, notices and warnings.

Notices are advisory messages caused by code that may or may not cause problems during the execution of the script, execution is not halted. Warnings are non-fatal errors, execution of the script will not be halted. These messages are used to suggest changes to your code to help ensure best interoperability and forward compatibility with upcoming versions of PHP. You can also control whether or not errors are displayed to the screen good for development or hidden, and logged good for production.

For more information on this check out the Error Reporting section. This might seem like a good idea, but there are a few undesirable tradeoffs. PHP handles expressions using an in a less performant way than expressions without an. Secondly, the error control operator completely swallows the error.

The error is not displayed, and the error is not sent to the error log. For example, our code above could be rewritten like this:. One instance where error suppression might make sense is where fopen fails to find a file to load. You could check for the existence of the file before you try to load it, but if the file is deleted after the check and before the fopen which might sound impossible, but it can happen then fopen will return false and throw an error.

This is potentially something PHP should resolve, but is one case where error suppression might seem like the only valid solution. However, Xdebug has an xdebug. You can set this via your php. Use scream with care, and as a temporary debugging tool. This is a common practice implemented by a large number of modern frameworks such as Symfony and Laravel. In debug mode or dev mode both of these frameworks will display a nice and clean stack trace.

There are also some packages available for better error and exception handling and reporting. Like Whoops!

By throwing errors as exceptions in development you can handle them better than the usual result, and if you see an exception during development you can wrap it in a catch statement with specific instructions on how to handle the situation.

Each exception you catch instantly makes your application that little bit more robust. More information on this and details on how to use ErrorException with error handling can be found at ErrorException Class. Exceptions are a standard part of most popular programming languages, but they are often overlooked by PHP programmers. Languages like Ruby are extremely Exception heavy, so whenever something goes wrong such as a HTTP request failing, or a DB query goes wrong, or even if an image asset could not be found, Ruby or the gems being used will throw an exception to the screen meaning you instantly know there is a mistake.

The problem here is that you have to go looking for a mistake and check the docs to see what the error method is for this class, instead of having it made extremely obvious. Another problem is when classes automatically throw an error to the screen and exit the process. When you do this you stop another developer from being able to dynamically handle that error.

Exceptions should be thrown to make a developer aware of an error; they then can choose how to handle this. The generic Exception class provides very little debugging context for the developer; however, to remedy this, it is possible to create a specialized Exception type by sub-classing the generic Exception class:. This means you can add multiple catch blocks and handle different Exceptions differently.

This can lead to the creation of a lot of custom Exceptions, some of which could have been avoided using the SPL Exceptions provided in the SPL extension. It is very important for every PHP developer to learn the basics of web application security , which can be broken down into a handful of broad topics:.

There are bad people ready and willing to exploit your web application. This is a must read for the security-conscious developer. Eventually everyone builds a PHP application that relies on user login. Usernames and passwords are stored in a database and later used to authenticate users upon login.

It is important that you properly hash passwords before storing them. Hashing and encrypting are two very different things that often get confused. Hashing is an irreversible, one-way function. This produces a fixed-length string that cannot be feasibly reversed. This means you can compare a hash against another to determine if they both came from the same source string, but you cannot determine the original string.

If passwords are not hashed and your database is accessed by an unauthorized third-party, all user accounts are now compromised. Unlike hashing, encryption is reversible provided you have the key. Encryption is useful in other areas, but is a poor strategy for securely storing passwords.

Passwords should also be individually salted by adding a random string to each password before hashing. Hashing and salting are vital as often users use the same password for multiple services and password quality can be poor. Additionally, you should use a specialized password hashing algorithm rather than fast, general-purpose cryptographic hash function e. The short list of acceptable password hashing algorithms as of June to use are:. In PHP 5. It will be updated in the future to support more algorithms as needed though.

Below we hash a string, and then check the hash against a new string. Never ever ever trust foreign input introduced to your PHP code. Always sanitize and validate foreign input before using it in code. Remember, foreign input is not limited to form data submitted by the user. Uploaded and downloaded files, session values, cookie data, and data from third-party web services are foreign input, too. While foreign data can be stored, combined, and accessed later, it is still foreign input.

Every time you process, output, concatenate, or include data in your code, ask yourself if the data is filtered properly and can it be trusted. Data may be filtered differently based on its purpose.

Another example is passing options to be executed on the command line. One last example is accepting foreign input to determine a file to load from the filesystem. This can be exploited by changing the filename to a file path. When you use bound parameters with PDO , it will sanitize the input for you. This is very hard to do and many avoid it by using other more restricted formatting like Markdown or BBCode, although whitelisting libraries like HTML Purifier exists for this reason.

It is dangerous to unserialize data from users or other untrusted sources. You should therefore avoid unserializing untrusted data. Validation ensures that foreign input is what you expect. For example, you may want to validate an email address, a phone number, or age when processing a registration submission.

When creating configuration files for your applications, best practices recommend that one of the following methods be followed:. This is only included as a warning for anyone in the process of upgrading a legacy application. This can easily lead to security issues as your application cannot effectively tell where the data is coming from.

Error logging can be useful in finding the problem spots in your application, but it can also expose information about the structure of your application to the outside world. To effectively protect your application from issues that could be caused by the output of these messages, you need to configure your server differently in development versus production live.

To show every possible error during development , configure the following settings in your php. Passing in the value -1 will show every possible error, even when new levels and constants are added in future PHP versions.

What does this mean? In terms of reporting every possible error in version 5. To hide errors on your production environment, configure your php. With these settings in production, errors will still be logged to the error logs for the web server, but will not be shown to the user. For more information on these settings, see the PHP manual:. Writing automated tests for your PHP code is considered a best practice and can lead to well-built applications.

Automated tests are a great tool for making sure your application does not break when you are making changes or adding new functionality and should not be ignored. Test-driven development TDD is a software development process that relies on the repetition of a very short development cycle: first the developer writes a failing automated test case that defines a desired improvement or new function, then produces code to pass that test and finally refactors the new code to acceptable standards.

Unit Testing is a programming approach to ensure functions, classes and methods are working as expected, from the point you build them all the way through the development cycle. By checking values going in and out of various functions and methods, you can make sure the internal logic is working correctly. When you create a class or function you should create a unit test for each behavior it must have.

At a very basic level you should make sure it errors if you send it bad arguments and make sure it works if you send it valid arguments. This will help ensure that when you make changes to this class or function later on in the development cycle that the old functionality continues to work as expected. The other use for unit tests is contributing to open source. If you can write a test that shows broken functionality i. If you run a project which accepts pull requests then you should suggest this as a requirement.

PHPUnit is the de-facto testing framework for writing unit tests for PHP applications, but there are several alternatives. It occurs after unit testing and before validation testing.

Integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the integrated system ready for system testing. Many of the same tools that can be used for unit testing can be used for integration testing as many of the same principles are used.

Sometimes also known as acceptance testing, functional testing consists of using tools to create automated tests that actually use your application instead of just verifying that individual units of code are behaving correctly and that individual units can speak to each other correctly. These tools typically work using real data and simulating actual users of the application. With StoryBDD, you write human-readable stories that describe the behavior of your application.

These stories can then be run as actual tests against your application. With SpecBDD, you write specifications that describe how your actual code should behave. Instead of testing a function or method, you are describing how that function or method should behave. This framework is inspired by the RSpec project for Ruby. Learn more. Ask Question. Asked 10 years ago. Active 1 year, 11 months ago. Viewed k times. I looked at the nginx documentation and it still confuses me utterly.

If you need args preserved, you must do so explicitly: I don't understand how it checks the paths and what if I don't want an internal error but have it resume the rest of the path in an effort to find another file? Improve this question. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer.

Tomeg Tomeg 4, 2 2 gold badges 10 10 silver badges 9 9 bronze badges. Angel Avnee. Angel 1 1 gold badge 3 3 silver badges 15 15 bronze badges. This has been the actual solution for me. If any of the proposed answers is not working, try this: 1. I am using Ubuntu Milos Cuculovic Kelvin Low Kelvin Low 6 6 silver badges 20 20 bronze badges. For anyone having same issue with PHP 7, this is what I done to make nginx execute php files properly in CentOS 7, posted here so in case of anyone having same problem: Follow step by step this document on Digital Ocean.

Edit the location parameter as below: default. Hope this helpful and happy coding. SonDang SonDang 1, 1 1 gold badge 11 11 silver badges 20 20 bronze badges.

Waqleh Waqleh 8, 8 8 gold badges 62 62 silver badges 93 93 bronze badges. Olubodun Agbalaya Olubodun Agbalaya 3 3 silver badges 10 10 bronze badges. What worked for me with Ubuntu Uncomment the. Manivannan Murugavel Manivannan Murugavel 1, 13 13 silver badges 14 14 bronze badges. Al Che Al Che 69 1 1 gold badge 1 1 silver badge 5 5 bronze badges. Ivan Ivan 21 2 2 bronze badges. Sanaulla Sanaulla 7 7 silver badges 10 10 bronze badges. Dongato Dongato 21 3 3 bronze badges.

The fix for me was to purge the cache on Cloudflare. Alex M Alex M 76 6 6 bronze badges. David Brown David Brown 7 7 bronze badges.